številka / volume 193-194
november / november 2012
letnik / anno XLII
številka / volume 193-194
november / november 2012
letnik / anno XLII
soba 25
room 25
vsebina številke
table of contents
Jurij Kobe | Predgovor Preface |
Miha Dešman | Uvodnik: Soba 25 Editorial: Room 25 |
Dr. Pavel Gantar | Arhitektura kot oblika družbenega angažmaja Architecture as a Form of Social Engagement |
Bogdan Reichenberg | O vzrokih migotanja listov trepetlike |
Borut Burger | O mojem spominu na Sobo 25 My memories of Room 25 |
Bojana Klemenčič | Moja Soba 25 My Room 25 |
Vinko Torkar | Soba 25, Tesnoba razlike Room 25, The Anxiety of Difference |
Jovo Grobovšek | Edvard Ravnikar |
Jurij Kobe | ER in Soba 25 na Šoli za Arhitekturo ER and Room 25 at the School of Architecture |
Marija Cerar | Zakaj Soba 25? Why Room 25? |
Vinko Torkar | Slavc in Soba 25 Slavc and Room 25 |
Jovo Grobovšek | Soba 25, 40 let kasneje Room 25, 40 years later |
Andrej Hrausky | Soba 25, zelo odprta šola Room 25, a very open school |
Maruša Špitalar | Izsek iz diplomske naloge |
Maruša Špitalar | Intervju z Vojtehom Ravnikarjem Interview with Vojteh Ravnikar |
Jovo Grobovšek | Seznam publikacij, del Bibliography |
uvodnik
Soba 25 je živa legenda ljubljanske šole za arhitekturo, eden od fenomenov, povezanih najprej z osrednjo figuro profesorja Edvarda Ravnikarja na šoli, nato pa tudi z “revolucionarnim nabojem” študentskega upora iz leta 1968 ter njegovimi slovenskimi odmevi. Kot gledamo danes na ta čas, je prvi vtis povezan z dolžnim občudovanjem, celo nevoščljivostjo, pa tudi z nostalgijo. Ko pa se bolj odprto in natančno potopimo v ta na videz oddaljeni čas, njegovo mentalno strukturo in predvsem njegov intelektualni in umetniški domet, pa se nam razodene kot temelj, kot nekaj, kar odločilno zaznamuje in določa tudi današnji čas v slovenski arhitekturi. Ravnikarjeva ali z drugim imenom Ljubljanska šola (1) vse bolj postaja identitetna prtljaga mlajše generacije naših arhitektov, ki so se takrat komaj (ali pa še ne) rodili. Bila pa je tudi okvir obdobja formiranja sedanje generacije seniorjev (ab), katere najbolj živi del je neposredno zrasel iz sobe 25. Kako se stvari ponavljajo! Gre za to, da nam soba 25 nazorno pokaže, kako arhitekturni trendi, v tistem času predvsem strukturalizem in post-strukturalizem, niso samo stavbe, pač pa je tudi diskurz. Arhitektura se zgodi v podobah, reportaži, filmu, v kakršnikoli obliki besedila. To je bilo povezano s takratnimi konceptualizmi v umetnosti. In s takratnimi tendencami v sociologiji, filozofiji, politiki...
In to postaja danes ponovno (že vsaj tretjič od takrat), tudi s krizo, vse bolj aktualno. Seveda gre tudi za fenomen faznega zamika. Ravnikar je v začetku šestdesetih let uvajal bauhausovsko doktrino v poučevanje arhitekture v času, ko je bila celo ulmska šola, kot nosilka bauhausovske legitimitete, v zatonu. A je ta isti eksperiment slovensko oblikovanje do danes postavil na nov trden temelj. Levičarstvo šestdesetih let je na področju arhitekture v sobi 25 našlo svoj akcijski izraz in v nadaljevanju tudi teoretskega. Ta se je artikuliral predvsem skozi revijo ab, njene akcije in pa besedila, ki so jih pisali Poženel, Torkar in drugi, od katerih so bili nekateri priobčeni ali vsaj komentirani v tem zborniku. Nadaljevanje zgodbe se je razvijalo predvsem v dveh smereh, v “nadaljevanju kritičnega diskurza” in v vrnitvi k “arhitekturi kot arhitekturi”.
Prva, v narekovajih marksistična kritika arhitekture, je vključevala kritiko avtorja. Ta kritika je odvračala pozornost od poklica, od stavb, od projektiranja, tako da se je nazadnje dozdevalo, kot da same zgrajene stavbe za arhitekturo niso pomembne. Ali še huje da je stavba le odraz diskurza. Razvila se je v poznih sedemdesetih in osemdesetih letih in je vrh dosegla v besedilih Janka Zlodreta. Letos je izšla antologija njegovi tekstov (2), ki jo lahko beremo vzporedno z besedili te številke. A gibanje, ki se je začelo kot kritika in je sprva oblikovalo avtorje del, ki so predvsem besedilna: kritike, teoretike, zgodovinarje, urbaniste, se je nato radikalno obrnilo z nastopom nove intelektualne pozicije – postmodernizma. Ta je preobrnil vero v besedilo in jo vrnil na predmet, to je na arhitekturo samo, v njeno avtonomijo in v “arhitekturo kot arhitekturo”. Tudi pri tej “vrnitvi” so bili protagonisti sobe 25 v prvih bojnih linijah: Jurij Kobe in Matjaž Garzarolli, z Alešem Vodopivcem, Janezom Koželjem, Vojtehom Ravnikarjem ter Majdo Cajnko in Andrejem Hrauskyjem ter drugimi na novo začrtajo slovensko arhitekturno kulturo osemdesetih in naprej. Avantgardnost so zamenjali z racionalizmom, a je kljub temu ostala latentno prisotna v “odprtosti” za dvom in eksperiment.
Vrnimo se k Ravnikarju in v sobo 25. Profesor je zavestno spodbujal izbrano generacijo študentov, za katero je presodil, da je perspektivna, da bi bila alternativna, eksplozivno kritična in radikalna. Ne vem, ali je bil njegov namen uravnoteženje ali miniranje preveč statičnega vzdušja v slovenski arhitekturi, ki je nastalo po dokončni uveljavitvi njegovega predhodnega projekta – generacije učencev iz petdesetih let – prav tiste, ki jo danes častimo kot pripadnike Ljubljanske šole. Ali pa je impulzivno prenašal svoje vsakokratne obsesije in razmišljanja v svoje poučevanje. Za to drugo bi govorile izkušnje o njegovi nezainteresiranosti v zadnjih letih na šoli, ki se jih spominjam tudi sam, ko je svojo pozornost usmerjal na druga polja, predvsem velika gradbišča v Ljubljani in drugod, ki so zaposlila večino njegove energije.
Kakorkoli že, eksperiment je uspel, morda celo bolj, kot si je profesor predstavljal in soba 25 je zaživela svoj dramski lok, ki dobiva s to številko epilog. Pokaže se, da je arhitektura močna, če je utemeljena na razmišljanju, če je intelektualno povezana s časom in družbo, in še to, da sta aktivizem in utopično kritični moment pomembna za njen preporod in odzivanje na prostor in čas
Seveda pa si moramo na koncu zastaviti tudi vprašanje dometa današnjega časa. Kaj razmišljajo sedanje generacije študentov in njihovih profesorjev? Za kaj se zavzemajo? Kako je z njihovo/našo revolucionarnostjo, pogumom, odklonom od prevladujočih struktur, z eksperimentom in napredkom? Ali smo še sposobni oživiti utopično razsežnost in potencial političnega aktivizma? Ali pa je arhitektura postala res le prazna govorica, ki sta jo privzela komercialni oblikovalski svet in družba spektakla? (3)
Miha Dešman
Opombe
editorial
Room 25 is a place of legend in the Ljubljana school of architecture. It is associated with the central figure of Professor Ravnikar and the 1968 student uprising. As we look back, our first reaction is one of admiration, envy and nostalgia. However, when we immerse ourselves in that not very distant time, with its mental structures and its intellectual and artistic scope, we recognize that it laid the foundations of present trends in Slovenian architecture.
Ravnikar’s so-called Ljubljana school of architecture (1) helped shape the identities of a future generation of architects who were maybe only born at that time, but it was also a formative influence on the present senior generation, the most vital members of which grew out of Room 25. How history repeats itself! Room 25 shows us how trends in architecture - then specifically structuralism and post structuralism - are not only about buildings but also about discourse. Architecture can be expressed through images, reports, film or any textual form. In those days it was related to conceptual art and trends in sociology, philosophy and politics. In the present time of crisis we can perceive the same trends in a different context. Ravnikar started introducing Bauhaus doctrine into his teaching when the Ulm school, carrier of the Bauhaus message, was in decline. But the Bauhaus experiment gave solid foundations to Slovenian design which have lasted until today. Leftism in the sixties found its expression in Room 25, first through action and later also through theory articulated in the Architectural Bilten magazine in texts written by Poženel, Torkar and others, some of which also appear in this publication. The story continued mainly in two directions: the continuation of critical discourse and the return to architecture as architecture.
The first so-called Marxist critique of architecture included criticism of the author. It deflected attention from the profession itself and from buildings and design, so it seemed that what was being built was not important for architecture or, even worse, that the buildings were only a reflection of the discourse. It then developed in the late seventies and eighties, culminating in the writings of Janko Zlodre, whose anthology was published this year (2). The movement which started as criticism initially produced authors of mostly textual works: critics, theoreticians, historians and urbanists. But then it turned towards a radically new intellectual position – postmodernism, which transformed belief into architecture. At this turning point the protagonists of Room 25 were in the front line: Kobe and Garzarolli, with Vodopivec, Koželj, Vojteh Ravnikar, Majda Cajnko and Andrej Hrausky, who defi ned the new Slovenian architectural culture in the eighties and beyond. Avantgardism was replaced by rationalism, but the openness to experimentation and skepticism was retained. Now we return to Professor Ravnikar and Room 25. The professor intentionally encouraged the generation which he believed would be critically explosive and radical. I am not sure if his intention was to balance or to undermine the static atmosphere in Slovenian architecture that prevailed in the fifties under the generation who are today looked upon as honorable members of the Ljubljana school. Maybe he was just impulsively putting his current obsessions and thinking into his curriculum. This interpretation would seem to be supported by his loss of interest in the school when he turned to focusing his energy on other areas, such as large building sites in Ljubljana and elsewhere. However, the experiment was a success, maybe more than professor had imagined. Room 25 was set in motion and is now getting its epilogue here in this AB edition. It proved that architecture is strong when it is based on solid foundations of thinking and is intellectually related to the social issues of its time. Activism and utopian vision are crucial for its rebirth and response to space and time. What is the situation today? What is the thinking of today’s students and their professors? What are their value systems? Where is their revolutionary courage, defiance of governing structures and willingness to experiment and progress? Are we still able to revive the utopian hopes and potential of political activism? Or maybe architecture has become only empty talk, taken over by the commercial world of design and the social world of show and spectacle (3).
Miha Dešman
Footnotes
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